Trucking industry in the United States A common property-carrying commercial.
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Trucking industry in the United States. A common property- carrying commercial vehicle in the United States is the tractor- trailer, also known as an .
Trucks are also used in the construction industry, as dump trucks and portable concrete mixers move the large amounts of rocks, dirt, concrete, and other building materials used in construction. Trucks in America are responsible for the majority of freight movement over land, and are tools in the manufacturing, transportation, and warehousing industries. Large trucks and buses require a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate. Obtaining a CDL requires extra education and training dealing with the special knowledge requirements and handling characteristics of such a large vehicle.
Drivers of commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) must adhere to the hours of service, which are regulations governing the driving hours of commercial drivers. These, and all other rules regarding the safety of interstate commercial driving, are issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). The FMCSA is a division of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), which governs all transportation- related industries such as trucking, shipping, railroads, and airlines. Some other issues are handled by another branch of the USDOT, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Developments in technology, such as computers, satellite communication, and the Internet, have contributed to many improvements within the industry. These developments have increased the productivity of company operations, saved the time and effort of drivers, and provided new, more accessible forms of entertainment to men and women who often spend long periods of time away from home. Environmental Protection Agency implemented revised emission standards for diesel trucks (reducing airborne pollutants emitted by diesel engines) which promises to improve air quality and public health.
History. Before the invention of automobiles, most freight was moved by train or horse- drawn vehicle. Trucks were first used extensively by the military during World War I.
With the increase in construction of paved roads, trucking began to achieve significant foothold in the 1. Public safety concerns made it necessary to implement various government regulations . In 1. 95. 6, Congress provided funds to build the Interstate Highway System, an extensive network of highways and freeways that linked major cities across the continent.
Truck drivers participated in widespread strikes against the rising cost of fuel, during the energy crises of 1. Congress deregulated the trucking industry with the passage of the Motor Carrier Act of 1. Trucks are commonly equipped with satellite communication features, automatic transmissions are gaining in popularity, and truck stops featuring Wi. Fi Internet access are now commonplace.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considered it . Biodiesel promises a reduction in some exhaust emissions. Soot or particulate matter will be reduced by an estimated 1. The reduction in sulfur will also prevent an estimated 8,3. In addition, an estimated 3. Engine idling is inefficient and only adds to the problem of air pollution. The idea of shore power was transferred to the trucking industry, and now there are companies such as Idle.
Aire. Idle. Aire also provides access to the Internet, cable television, and land line phone services. Idle. Aire promises to eliminate one- eighth of nitrogen oxide pollution through . One such example is the hydraulic hybrid vehicle, which stores energy in hydraulic tanks and hydraulic motors (as opposed to the electric hybrid vehicle which uses batteries and regenerative brakes). The Internet helps firms explore new opportunities by aggressive sales and marketing.
The incremental cost of conducting business transactions on the Internet is as little as one fifteenth as expensive as paper transactions. Department of Transportation figures indicate that empty routes have continued to account for 2. Increasingly, computerized brokers are threatening the future of traditional human brokers by offering increased efficiency.
In addition, shipper- driven brokerage over the Internet enables shippers to post loads and solicit bids directly from carriers. Instead of relying upon traditional freight brokers, shippers function as their own brokers, dealing directly with freight companies. Drivers are no longer required to find the nearest public phone in order to relay information regarding their load status, it can be done without leaving the truck cab.
There are macros for each stage of the loading and unloading process, such as . This system also allows the company to track the drivers fuel usage, speed, gear optimization, engine idle time, location, direction of travel, and amount of time spent driving. Digital satellite television allows smaller dish sizes, which means truck drivers are not limited to free terrestrial broadcast television, and have more options about what they watch during their off- duty periods. Operating a manual transmission requires more skill and attention on the part of the driver, partly due to the unsynchronized transmission found in heavy- duty trucks. Companies have found that switching from manual to automatic transmissions has many benefits, including increased fuel efficiency, increased driver retention, reduced wear and tear on the internal gears of transmissions (inexperienced drivers may frequently grind the gears if proper shifting techniques are not followed), reduced driver fatigue, and reduced accidents (manuals require more attention from the driver, thus increasing the chances for an accident). All of these factors together add up to benefit the company by reducing costs incurred from transmission repairs, accidents, and driver turnover (a driver frustrated by a manual transmission may decide to quit his/her job). Therefore, even the top corporate operators only hold a small share of the total market.
According to the industry market research firm IBISWorld, J. B. Hunt Transport Services holds an estimated 2.
YRC Worldwide holds 1. Fed. Ex holds 1. 6%, United Parcel Service of America owns 1. Con- way holds 1. Using this strategy, businesses gain the ability to reduce the costs associated with excess inventory and larger warehousing facilities by requiring more frequent deliveries.
Many hospitals have also moved to . The nation's busiest gas stations require deliveries of fuel several times per day, while the average station receives fuel every two to three days. Grocery stores require deliveries of perishable food items every two to three days. According to the measurable share of the economy that trucking represents, the industry directly contributes about 5 percent to the gross domestic product annually. In addition, the industry plays a critical support role for other transportation modes and for other sectors of the economy such as the resource, manufacturing, construction, and wholesale and retail trade industries. Dominant companies in this space include Aux Sable, Bridger Group, DCP Midstream, Enbridge Energy Partners, Enterprise Products Partners, Genesis Energy, Gibson Energy, Inergy Midstream, Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, Oneok Partners, Sunoco Logistics, Targa Midstream Services, Trans. Canada, and Williams Companies.
Agricultural products totaling $1. The trucking industry employs 1.
The trucking industry is the industry of small business, considering 9. Department of Transportation, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) regulates nearly all aspects of the trucking industry. The Federal Highway Administration has established 0. BAC) level at or above which a CMV driver is deemed to be driving under the influence of alcohol.
In some states, trucks also have special speed limits, in addition to restrictions on driving in certain lanes (normally the far left lanes of multi- lane highways). Truck drivers are required to have a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate a CMV carrying more than 1.
These laws are designed to protect the general motoring public by reducing accidents caused by driver fatigue. The first version of the HOS were enacted in 1. After which he/she must rest for 1. The driver must specify where and when he/she stopped between driving shifts, what duties were performed (if any), along with the driver's name, truck number, company info, and other information. The driver must also present his or her log book to authorities upon request, for inspection. In lieu of a log book, a motor carrier may substitute an electronic on- board recorder to record the driver's hours.
Interstate commercial traffic is generally limited to a network of interstate freeways, U. S. Provided the truck remains on the NN, they are not subject to the state limits. State limits (which can be lower or higher than federal limits) come into effect for intrastate commercial traffic, provided the vehicle is not on the NN. Truck drivers are responsible for checking bridge height clearances (usually indicated by a warning sign) before passing underneath an overpass or entering a tunnel.
Not having enough vertical clearance can result in a . Truck drivers are responsible for checking their own vehicle's weight, usually by paying to be weighed at a truck stop scale. CMVs are subject to various state and federal laws regarding limitations on truck length (measured from bumper to bumper), and truck axle length (measured from axle to axle, or fifth wheel kingpin to axle for trailers). The relationship between axle weight and spacing, known as the Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula, is designed to protect bridges. CMVs can be of varying shapes and sizes, from 1. Trucks are assigned a class rating based upon the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). The facts in this section refer to drivers of .
Long- haul drivers often spend weeks away from home, spending their time off and sleeping at truck stops or rest areas. Driving is relatively dangerous work, as truck drivers account for 1.